The museum is famous for its mosaics, and has recently moved to a new building with an area of 3,400 square meters to display what it claims to be the largest number of mosaics in the world. In the 20th century around 300 Roman mosaic floors were uncovered in and around Antakya, and half of them found their way into museums and institutions that had sponsored excavations at Antakya, including Princeton University Art Museum and Worcester Art Museum, which has the biggest collection outside Turkey. The Hatay Archaeology Museum was built in 1939 to accommodate the mosaics that the overseas archaeologists had left behind. They depict daily life from the Roman and Byzantine periods and include finds from Antakya’s port of Seleucia Pieria, and Tarsus.

There are also items fom surrounding tumuli, and the tranquil grounds have Roman statuary and sarcophagi.