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Extract

Crimean War: The Empire Strikes Back

From the Danube to the Caucasus, conflict raged. The Ottomans were fighting for their territories and their lives, but the full story of their courage is only now being told, says the military historian Mesut Uyar 

  • Roger Fenton's portrait of Ömer Pasha, 1854. With him is [Lt Col John Linthorn Simmons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintorn_Simmons), identifiable by his distinctive moustache. Lintorn had been inspector of railways in Britain, but was on leave in Istanbul in 1853 when war between Turkey and Russia broke out. The British government asked him to assess the Ottoman defenses and chances against Russia, then appointed him the military representative to Ömer Pasha and eventually British Commissioner to the Turkish army for the duration of the war (photo: library of congress 3g09257u)

The political crisis that led to the Crimean war was the outcome of continuous Russian aggression and plans to control strategic parts of the Ottoman Empire, ambitions only thinly disguised as concern for the Holy Places in Jerusalem and the protection of Orthodox Christians. The Ottoman government was fully aware of the horror and military humiliations of the series of Ottoman–Russian wars of the past hundred years but, against this legacy and all odds, stood firm against the new Russian demands. The Russian general staff prepared bolder plans, but in the end the tsar approved the safest: the occupation of the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia and an attack on the Caucasian front.

Mesut Uyar is associate professor at the University of New South Wales and the co-author with Edward J Erickson of ‘A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk’ (Praeger/ABC-Clio $75)

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Issue 49, April 2013 Travels in Tartary
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Other Highlights from Cornucopia 49
  • The Crimean War: The Real Reason Why

    The war of 1853–56 was a calamitous clash of imperial ambitions. Turkey sustained heavy losses, but without them she might have ceased to exist. David Barchard puts the conflict in context

  • Yevpatoria: Bathed in splendour

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  • No surrender for Anna

    Yevpatoria in Crimea was the home the young Anna Akhmatova, an icon of Russian literature, who fell foul of Stalin


  • Chekhov’s ‘Warm Siberia’

    Like many writers, Chekhov made his way to Crimea to nurse his TB in a milder climate. His two houses, now museums, became magnets for artists. One he left to his sister, the other to his wife.


  • Into the silence

    By any standard, Hüsamettin Koçan’s mountain-top Baksı Museum, in the northeastern Anatolian village where he was born, deserves a place among the world’s top ten remote museums.

  • Prince on Tour

    Philip Mansel on the future Edward VII’s Ottoman expedition



  • Connoisseur 49

    This silver goblet was one of more than 600 medieval treasures from Central Asia crowding Bonhams’ elegant rooms in Edinburgh for six days in January.

  • The Unlikely Saviour of Sancta Sophia

    Thomas Whittemore, the American scholar and philanthropist, was instrumental in restoring the Byzantine treasures of Ayasofya. Robert S Nelson delves into his enigmatic life


  • Heavenly Berries

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  • Nine Days in Crimea

    From the towers of Tatary to the tombs of Scythian kings, from clifftop citadels to an underground castle, from Balaklava to the beaches of the Tsarist Riviera, Crimea is a land to fall in love with, waiting to be enjoyed, not destroyed


  • Parisian Panache

    The V&A’s Tim Stanley eyes up the Louvre’s astonishing new Islamic offering

  • The Dutch Orientalist

    Aard Streefland tells the story of the Dutch orientalist Marius Bauer (1867–1932)



  • Palaces of Silk

    As the Sadberk Hanım Museum celebrates the art of embroidery, Min Hogg marvels at the motifs of palaces, fruit and flowers, sea and cityscape, wrought stitch by stitch, to adorn every Ottoman home

  • Crimea: the Heartland

    The Crimean khans founded their capital in the fertile foothills of the Crimean Mountains in the 15th century. This was the nucleaus of the land known as Cim Tartary. The garden palace of Bahçesaray is a glorious reminder of the khans’ 350-year reign


  • Crimea: the South Coast

    Dramatic and picturesque, Crimea’s southern coast became a resort for doomed royalty and a refuge for ailing literati


  • Crimea: the West Coast

    Two ports – Sevastopol and Yevpatoria – rule Crimea’s flat west coast. One was built for war, the other for recreation. Both played a part in the Crimean War


  • Eastern Crimea and the Kerch Peninsula

    Geonese merchants, a millionaire painter and a symbolist poet brought fortune and fame to the eastern stretches of Crimea’s south coast and its fertile hinterland

  • The Crimean War: Into the Mouth of Hell

    Balaklava, Sevastopol, Inkerman, the Valley of Death – in Britain, where the savage toll was so acutely felt, these names still have the power to arouse pride and fury. Algernon Percy travelled to Crimea to visit the evocative battlefields



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